Tackling Brain Drain in Ghana – Winning Essay for The Writing Leader Essay December 2023
A few days ago, I participated in the African Leadership Convo podcast, engaging in a discussion titled “The Surge in Africa’s Population: Urgent Appeal for Purposeful Leadership.” During the conversation, I highlighted the significant number of Ghanaian youth passing through Kotoka International Airport’s terminal 3 this year—a figure substantial enough to form a city. This reality underscores a prevalent trend: a significant portion of Ghanaian youth is determined to seek opportunities beyond our borders. It’s a paradox that many African flags, including Ghana’s, prominently feature green, symbolizing hope and prosperity, yet our citizens often leap at the chance to migrate to countries adorned with red, blue, and white flags in pursuit of greener pastures. Perhaps the green in our flags isn’t vibrant enough, or maybe our pastures have been overgrazed? The prevalence of brain drain in Ghana, particularly the emigration of highly skilled and educated Ghanaians, is indeed alarming. Why would these individuals choose to leave the very country that nurtured them? The answer is as simple as it is profound: opportunities. In my basic social studies class, I learned that drainage systems are meticulously designed to remove excess water from the environment, preventing flooding and ensuring a balanced ecosystem. However, it’s intriguing to observe that the concept of “brain drain” in Ghana seems to work in the opposite direction. Brain drain refers to the emigration of highly skilled and educated individuals, often leaving their home country in search of better opportunities elsewhere. In Ghana’s case, the departure of these talented individuals represents a different type of drainage—a drainage of intellectual and human capital. Ghana, like many other developing nations, faces the challenge of losing some of its brightest minds to more economically developed countries. The reasons behind this brain drain are complex and multifaceted. One of the primary factors contributing to this phenomenon is the perceived lack of opportunities within the country. According to the World Bank, as of 2022, Ghana’s Ease of Doing Business Index rank was 118 out of 190 countries, indicating room for improvement. Talented individuals seek environments where they can fully utilize their skills and knowledge, often finding more attractive prospects abroad.Statistics further emphasize this point. In 2022, Ghana’s unemployment rate was approximately 4.6%. While seemingly low, underemployment and the quality of employment are significant factors. A deeper dive into the types of jobs available and the match between education and employment is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the employment landscape. To address these challenges, a critical examination of the prevailing economic conditions in Ghana is essential. The allure of foreign countries often lies in the promise of better economic opportunities. Therefore, it becomes crucial to foster an environment that not only attracts foreign investment but also stimulates the growth of indigenous industries. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2021/2022 report states that Ghana’s Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) rate was 24.5%, indicating a significant entrepreneurial spirit. However, it’s essential to provide the necessary support structures, access to finance, and mentorship programs to ensure the sustainability and success of these entrepreneurial ventures. Moreover, our emphasis should extend beyond traditional sectors. The digital economy presents a vast opportunity for growth. In a speech by Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba Group, he emphasized the importance of embracing digital technology, stating, “If we don’t change the way we teach, in 30 years, we’ll be in trouble.” This sentiment holds true for nations aspiring to retain their skilled workforce. Digital literacy, coupled with an ecosystem that supports technology-driven industries, can open new avenues for employment and innovation. The role of education cannot be underestimated in this equation. A well-educated populace is a nation’s greatest asset. Investing in the education sector is not only about building schools and increasing enrolment but also about ensuring the relevance and quality of education. Aligning educational programs with the needs of the job market and providing specialized training in emerging industries can equip the youth with the skills required to contribute meaningfully to the country’s development. To achieve this, educational reform is crucial. A comprehensive review of the curriculum to incorporate practical, real-world skills and a stronger focus on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields can better align education with the demands of a modern workforce. Establishing partnerships with industry players for internships and apprenticeships can bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. In a speech by Barack Obama, a renowned advocate for positive change, he eloquently remarked, “Change is never easy, but always possible.” This resonates profoundly in the context of Ghana’s battle against brain drain. As a political leader, my role would be to draw inspiration from Obama’s transformative ideals and instigate a paradigm shift in our approach to retaining skilled youth. By embracing change, we can dismantle the barriers that contribute to brain drain and foster an environment where opportunities abound for the flourishing of our nation’s talents. Like Obama, who championed hope and inclusivity, my leadership would be guided by the belief that, with concerted effort and innovative policies, Ghana can become a beacon of opportunity, encouraging the skilled workforce to stay and actively contribute to the nation’s progress. Improving working services is pivotal in retaining skilled individuals. The efficiency and effectiveness of public services, including healthcare, transportation, and utilities, contribute significantly to the overall quality of life. According to the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report 2021, Ghana’s infrastructure quality ranked 82nd out of 141 economies. A robust and efficient transportation network not only facilitates business operations but also enhances the overall well-being of the population. Addressing issues related to bureaucracy and corruption is paramount. The frustration of navigating a cumbersome bureaucratic system and the prevalence of corruption can discourage talented individuals from pursuing opportunities within the country. According to Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index, Ghana ranked 75 out of 180 countries in 2022, indicating room for improvement. Streamlining administrative processes, enhancing transparency, and implementing anti-corruption measures are essential steps to create a business-friendly environment that encourages both local and foreign investments. In the realm